Magic Bullets: Chemistry vs. Cancer

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    See It Now Part 3
    Making a Bar Graph

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    Introduction
    Completed Bar Graph
    Making a Bar Graph Worksheet
    Relevant National Science Education Standards
    Relevant New Jersey State Science Education Standards

    Introduction

    The types of cancer most prevalent in the United States (or in any country of the world, for that matter) have not been constant. Changing lifestyles, changing behavior and changing public awareness of the risk factors for cancer over the years have all caused different forms of cancer to increase or decrease in importance. This activity allows students to look at a "snapshot" of the important forms of cancer, using 1999 data, and to practice graphing skills using real data.

    The students' bar graphs should look something like this:

    worksheet answer key

    Estimated Prevalence

    primary site

    total

    females

    males


    All sites

    Brain
    Breast
    Cervix uteri
    Colon
    Corpus uteri
    Hodgkin's disease
    Kidney & renal pelvis
    Larynx
    Leukemias
    Lung
    Melanomas of the skin
    Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
    Oral cavity/pharynx
    Ovary
    Pancreas
    Prostate
    Rectum
    Stomach
    Testis
    Thyroid
    Urinary Bbadder

    8,368,000

    91,000
    2,057,000
    211,000
    877,000
    550,000
    158,000
    204,000
    132,000
    144,000
    397,000
    484,000
    300,000
    214,000
    191,000
    25,000
    1,017,000
    379,000
    77,000
    130,000
    214,000
    601,000

    4,903,000

    42,000
    2,044,000
    211,000
    469,000
    550,000
    74,000
    81,000
    26,000
    64,000
    185,000
    250,000
    150,000
    80,000
    191,000
    13,000
    0
    177,000
    35,000
    0
    161,000
    158,000

    3,456,000

    49,000
    13,000
    0
    408,000
    0
    84,000
    123,000
    106,000
    80,000
    212,000
    234,000
    150,000
    134,000
    0
    12,000
    1,017,000
    202,000
    42,000
    130,000
    53,000
    443,000

    Making a Bar Graph Worksheet

    Two printable versions of the See it Now Part 3 worksheet are available for you to use. Click for either the Microsoft Word® version or the html version.

    As you interpret the graphs with students, note the top five forms and remind students to refer to them as they engage in other activities in this module or as they hear about cancer in the news. There is often a difference between what people think are the most prevalent forms of cancer and which forms actually are most prevalent. For example, the publicity given to smoking and cancer or to skin cancer might lead students to believe that lung cancer and skin cancer are among the most prevalent forms. The data say they are not. Be sure to use the term "prevalence" and not "importance" since to a family experiencing any form of cancer, that form is most important.

    You might suggest to students that they investigate what factors contribute to the prevalence of the top five. Or you might divide the class into five teams, each team assigned one of the top five to research.

    Relevant National Science Education Standards

      Science in Personal and Social Perspectives — The readings clearly show the involvement of science in facing a personal and community health challenge, specifically cancer.

      History and Nature of Science — By drawing conclusions from observed data the students experience an important aspect of the nature of scientific knowledge.

    Relevant New Jersey State Science Education Standards

      5.1 The activity requires the students to analyze data and draw conclusions from them.
      5.3 The activity is mathematically-based.

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