Coming soon! This section is under development. Please check back again for time lines, images, biographies, and resources.   that Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, but the first full-scale production of the drug didn’t begin until 1943?   Chemists and Engineers and Industrialists—Oh My! Experimental chemistry and laboratory research are all well and good, but what happens next? What happens when we need to bring the discoveries out of the lab and put them to use in the world? What happens is a process called scaling up, in other words, "scaling up" from the small-scale lab to the large-scale production plant. In this section we’ll take a look at the history of this process—made possible by industrial chemists and chemical engineers—in the context of chemical industry and the related industries such as the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, and chemical-electronic industries.