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 A third-generation dendrimer. Illustration courtesy of Dendritic Nanotechnologies, Inc. |
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1979: Precision molecules discovered Traditionally polymers are long and chaotic, and their manufacturing process yields molecules in an unpredictable range of sizes. Dendrimers, however, are a special type of polymer that can be grown in a precise manner. Because each successive generation is grown symmetrically based from an older branch, it’s possible to design and control the shape of the dendrimer as it is being produced. Since their inception all manners of dendrimers have been built: graphite-like dendrimers, light-harvesting dendrimers, dendrimers with cross-linked surfaces, and dendrimers that self-destruct. Dendrimers’ cavity size can be tailored to hold different molecules or therapeutic agents, and their chemical properties can be designed to release their contents in a proper setting. Currently dendrimers are used for heart-attack detection and as an MRI contrasting agent. Researchers are also exploring the use of dendrimers in an AIDS-prevention gel, as a means for anti-scarring—especially during eye surgery, and as a drug-delivery agent. They’re also working to attach catalysts and bio-sensory agents to the surface of these dendrimers. The first dendrimer-based pharmaceutical is poised to enter the market as early as 2008.
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